
Canadian Academy of Periodontology
The foundation of a healthy smile
Smoking and Tobacco
Adverse effects of smoking
- Direct association with various medical conditions including:
- Various types of cancer
- Pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases
- Low birth weight
- Risk factor for initiation and progression of periodontal disease.
- Current smokers are about 4 times more likely to have advanced periodontal disease compared to those who have never smoked.
- Direct association with:
- Increased calculus deposition
- Deeper pockets and greater attachment loss
- More pronounced radiographic evidence of furcation involvement
- Increased alveolar bone loss
- Less favorable response to periodontal and implant therapy.
Tobacco-associated lesions of the oral cavity
Nonmalignant lesions
1. Dental Conditions | |
![]() Pronounced tobacco stains |
![]() Tooth abrasion and recession |
2. Gingival conditions | |
![]() Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis |
![]() Smoker's melanosis |
3. Mucosal conditions | |
![]() Smokeless tobacco induced lesion |
![]() Nicotinic stomatitis |
Malignant lesions
![]() Squamous cell carcinoma |
![]() Verrucous carcinoma |